Archive for March 2017

A student scores in the 80th percentile on an exam. What does this mean in comparison to all other students?

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A student scores in the 80th percentile on an exam. What does this mean in comparison to all other students?



a. the student scored higher than 80% of all others who took the exam
b. the student scored worse than 80% of all others who took the exam
c. Of all those who took the exam, only 80% of them completed it
d. the student would score the same grade on the exam 80% of the time





Answer: A

Bar charts are a lot like histograms, except

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Bar charts are a lot like histograms, except



a. the bars displayed in the graph do not touch
b. the bar chart summarizes quantitative data
c. the bar chart summarizes continuous data
d. all of the above






Answer: A

A researcher measures the time (in seconds) that it takes children to complete a basic reading skills task. What type of graphical display would be most appropriate for summarizing the frequency of children falling into different intervals of time?

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A researcher measures the time (in seconds) that it takes children to complete a basic reading skills task. What type of graphical display would be most appropriate for summarizing the frequency of children falling into different intervals of time?




a. histogram
b. bar chart
c. scatter gram
d. all of the above




Answer: A

A psychologist reviews her notes for all her patients and determines that on average her patients complete therapy in 24 days. The average time to complete therapy among all her patients is called a(n)

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A psychologist reviews her notes for all her patients and determines that on average her patients complete therapy in 24 days. The average time to complete therapy among all her patients is called a(n)



a. population parameter
b. sample statistic
c. inferential statistic
d. time trial





Answer: A

Szklarska, Koziel, Bielicki, and Malina (2007) hypothesized that taller young men are more likely to move up the scale of educational attainment compared with shorter individuals from the same social background. They recruited 91,373 nineteen-year-old men to participate in the study. Do these participants most likely represent a sample or population? Explain.

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Szklarska, Koziel, Bielicki, and Malina (2007) hypothesized that taller young men are more likely to move up the scale of educational attainment compared with shorter individuals from the same social background. They recruited 91,373 nineteen-year-old men to participate in the study. Do these participants most likely represent a sample or population? Explain.



a. The 91,373 nineteen-year-old-men likely represent a sample of all 19-year-old men in a much larger population.
b. The 91,373 nineteen-year-old-men likely represent a population of 19-year-old men.
c. The 91,373 nineteen-year-old-men likely represent a sample of men of all ages in a much larger population.
d. The 91,373 nineteen-year-old-men likely represent a population of men of all ages.





Answer: A

A researcher tests whether the dosage level of some drug (low, high) causes significant differences in health. To do this, the researcher randomly assigns rat subjects to receive a low or high dosage of the drug and records health-related measures in both groups. The type of method described is

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A researcher tests whether the dosage level of some drug (low, high) causes significant differences in health. To do this, the researcher randomly assigns rat subjects to receive a low or high dosage of the drug and records health-related measures in both groups. The type of method described is 



a. experimental
b. quasi-experimental
c. correlational
d. operational





Answer: A

To determine whether a new sleeping pill was effective, adult insomniacs received a pill (either real or fake), and their sleeping times were subsequently measured (in minutes) during an overnight observation period. Identify the dependent variable in this study.

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To determine whether a new sleeping pill was effective, adult insomniacs received a pill (either real or fake), and their sleeping times were subsequently measured (in minutes) during an overnight observation period.
Identify the dependent variable in this study.



a. sleeping pill (real or fake)
b. number of insomniacs
c. number of observation periods
d. time spent sleeping





Answer: D

To determine whether a new sleeping pill was effective, adult insomniacs received a pill (either real or fake), and their sleeping times were subsequently measured (in minutes) during an overnight observation period. Identify the independent variable in this study.

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To determine whether a new sleeping pill was effective, adult insomniacs received a pill (either real or fake), and their sleeping times were subsequently measured (in minutes) during an overnight observation period.
Identify the independent variable in this study.



a. sleeping pill (real or fake)
b. number of insomniacs
c. number of observation periods
d. time spent sleeping





Answer: A

A researcher records the number of votes for each of five candidates running for class president. Based on her presentation of the following results, what type of statistics did she use?

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A researcher records the number of votes for each of five candidates running for class president. Based on her presentation of the following results, what type of statistics did she use? 

Candidate Number of Votes
A 120
B 125
C 42
D 203
E 20



a. inferential statistics
b. descriptive statistics
c. population statistics
d. deceptive statistics





Answer: B

Which of the following measures of attraction is an example of a ratio scale measurement?

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Which of the following measures of attraction is an example of a ratio scale measurement?




a. a rating of attraction from most attractive to least attractive
b. a 6-point rating scale from 1 (attractive) to 6 (unattractive)
c. the status of the relationship (acquaintance, dating, married)
d. the physical proximity (in feet and inches) between two romantic partners





Answer: D

A researcher records the time in seconds it takes a sample of participants to walk alone through a dark portion of campus. The researcher computes SS = 1,200. Assuming that a sample of 25 participants was observed in this study, what is the standard deviation for these data?

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A researcher records the time in seconds it takes a sample of participants to walk alone through a dark portion of campus. The researcher computes SS = 1,200. Assuming that a sample of 25 participants was observed in this study, what is the standard deviation for these data? 



a. 48 seconds
b. 50 seconds
c. 6.9 seconds
d. 7.1 seconds






Answer: D

A researcher records the following scores for an Olympic gymnast following her routine: 9.9, 9.8, 9.6, 9.5, 9.7, 9.1, 8.9, and 9.8. What is the range for the scores?

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A researcher records the following scores for an Olympic gymnast following her routine: 9.9, 9.8, 9.6, 9.5, 9.7, 9.1, 8.9, and 9.8. What is the range for the scores?



a. 1.0 (9.9 to 8.9)
b. 0.3 (9.8 to 9.5)
c. 0.5 (9.6 to 9.1)
d. It is not possible to compute a range with an even number of scores.




Answer: A

A researcher measures the amount of coffee consumed by college students while studying during the final exam week. In her study, she found that students drink 2.3±0.8 (M±SD) cups of coffee per study session. Assuming the data are normally distributed, which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion?

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A researcher measures the amount of coffee consumed by college students while studying during the final exam week. In her study, she found that students drink 2.3±0.8 (M±SD) cups of coffee per study session. Assuming the data are normally distributed, which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion?



a. The average student drinks less than 2.3 cups of coffee per study session.
b. Most students drink between 1.5 and 3.1 cups of coffee per study session.
c. Most students drink between 2.3 and 3.9 cups of coffee per study session.
d. Most students drink between 0.7 and 2.3 cups of coffee per study session.



Answer: B

Which of the following is the best explanation for why the standard deviation is almost always reported with the mean?

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Which of the following is the best explanation for why the standard deviation is almost always reported with the mean?



a. The standard deviation measures the spread of scores from the mean, so it is important to know both the mean and the standard deviation.
b. The standard deviation is also a measure of central tendency, so it is important to report this value with the mean.
c. The mean and standard deviation estimate basically the same thing, so these values are typically reported together.
d. This is not true; the standard deviation is rarely reported with the mean.






Answer: A

Which of the following is consistent with the empirical rule?

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Which of the following is consistent with the empirical rule?



a. 68% of all scores lie within one standard deviation of the mean.
b. 95% of all scores lie within two standard deviations of the mean.
c. 99.7% of all scores lie within three standard deviations of the mean.
d. all of the above





Answer: D

Which of the following is true about the computational formula for variance?

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Which of the following is true about the computational formula for variance?



a. The computational formula will always produce the same solution as the definitional formula (give or take rounding errors).
b. It is a short-cut method for calculating variance when the population or sample size is large.
c. It is derived mathematically from the definitional formula.
d. all of the above





Answer: D

The mean is an appropriate measure for describing what types of data?

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The mean is an appropriate measure for describing what types of data?





a. The mean is an appropriate measure for data that are normally distributed on an interval or ratio scale of measurement.
b. The mean is an appropriate measure for data that are skewed on an interval or ratio scale of measurement.
c. The mean is an appropriate measure for data that are normally distributed on an ordinal scale of measurement.
d. The mean is an appropriate measure for data that are skewed on an ordinal scale of measurement.





Answer: A

A researcher reports, "the average patron (n = 22) in a local bar consumed more than twice the number of drinks (per day) on weekends (M = 5.4 drinks) compared to weekdays (M = 2.3 drinks)." Although not stated directly, how do we know that the patrons in this study constitute a sample, and not a population of patrons at this local bar?

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A researcher reports, "the average patron (n = 22) in a local bar consumed more than twice the number of drinks (per day) on weekends (M = 5.4 drinks) compared to weekdays (M = 2.3 drinks)." Although not stated directly, how do we know that the patrons in this study constitute a sample, and not a population of patrons at this local bar?




a. We can't know for sure because this was not stated directly.
b. The notation for a sample mean was used.
c. The notation for sample size was used.
d. The notation for both a sample mean and a sample size was used.



Answer: D

The mode is an appropriate measure for describing what types of data?

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The mode is an appropriate measure for describing what types of data?




a. The mode is used without other measures of central tendency for normally distributed ratio data.
b. The mode is used without other measures of central tendency for normally distributed interval data.
c. The mode is used with other measures of central tendency for any non modal distribution.
d. The mode is used with other measures of central tendency for any modal distribution and for nominal data.






Answer: D

A researcher records the following data for the number of dreams recalled during a night of sleep for 10 college students: 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, and 0. Is the mean equal to the median in this example?

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A researcher records the following data for the number of dreams recalled during a night of sleep for 10 college students: 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, and 0. Is the mean equal to the median in this example?



a. Yes.
b. No; the median is larger than the mean.
c. No; the mean is larger than the median.
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.





Answer: A

A researcher records the following data for the number of different food items chosen by seven participants in a buffet-style setting: 1, 6, 2, 5, 4, 3, and 7. Is the mean equal to the median in this example?

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A researcher records the following data for the number of different food items chosen by seven participants in a buffet-style setting: 1, 6, 2, 5, 4, 3, and 7. Is the mean equal to the median in this example?



a. Yes.
b. No; the median is larger than the mean.
c. No; the mean is larger than the median.
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.






Answer: A

A researcher records the following data for how participants rated the likability (on a scale from 1 = not liked at all to 7 = very likable) of an individual who blushed after making a mistake: 5, 4, 7, 6, 6, 4, 6, 7, 2, 5, and 6. Is the mode equal to the median in this example?

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A researcher records the following data for how participants rated the likability (on a scale from 1 = not liked at all to 7 = very likable) of an individual who blushed after making a mistake: 5, 4, 7, 6, 6, 4, 6, 7, 2, 5, and 6. Is the mode equal to the median in this example?



a. Yes.
b. No; the median is larger than the mode.
c. No; the mode is larger than the median.
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.






Answer: A

A researcher records the following data for the number of times an interviewer is interrupted during a series of interviews: 0, 0, 3, 2, 5, 3, 0, 8, 0, 2, 1, and 1. Is the mode equal to the median in this example?

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A researcher records the following data for the number of times an interviewer is interrupted during a series of interviews: 0, 0, 3, 2, 5, 3, 0, 8, 0, 2, 1, and 1. Is the mode equal to the median in this example?




a. Yes.
b. No; the median is larger than the mode.
c. No; the mode is larger than the median.
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.




Answer: B

A professor compared differences in class grades between students in their freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years of college. If different participants were in each group, then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study?

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A professor compared differences in class grades between students in their freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years of college. If different participants were in each group, then what type of statistical design is appropriate for this study? 




a. a two-independent sample t test
b. a one-way between-subjects ANOVA
c. a two-way between-subjects ANOVA
d. both a two-independent sample t test and a one-way between-subjects ANOVA





Answer: B

A researcher compares differences in positivity between participants in a low-, middle-, or upper-middle-class family. If she observes 15 participants in each group, then what are the degrees of freedom for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

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A researcher compares differences in positivity between participants in a low-, middle-, or upper-middle-class family. If she observes 15 participants in each group, then what are the degrees of freedom for the one-way between-subjects ANOVA?



a. (2, 12)
b. (3, 43)
c. (2, 42)
d. (3, 12)







Answer: C

A researcher assigns 21 adolescents to rate the likability of a person described in a vignette as having one of three personality traits. An equal number of participants are assigned to each group. If Fobt = 4.08 for this study, then what was the decision at a 0.05 level of significance for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA?

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A researcher assigns 21 adolescents to rate the likability of a person described in a vignette as having one of three personality traits. An equal number of participants are assigned to each group. If Fobt = 4.08 for this study, then what was the decision at a 0.05 level of significance for a one-way between-subjects ANOVA? 




a. Reject the null hypothesis.
b. Retain the null hypothesis.
c. There is not enough information to answer this question.




Answer: A

Are post hoc tests necessary following a significant ANOVA testing one independent variable with two levels (k = 2)? Explain.

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Are post hoc tests necessary following a significant ANOVA testing one independent variable with two levels (k = 2)? Explain.




a. Yes. When a variable has only two levels, then those two levels must be checked to determine if they are significantly different following a significant ANOVA. A post hoc test is necessary.

b. No. When a variable has only two levels, then those two levels must be significantly different following a significant ANOVA. There are no multiple comparisons to make, so a post hoc test is not necessary.




Answer: B

A principal at a local school wants to know how much students gain from being in an honors class. He gives students in an honors English class a test prior to the school year and again at the end of the school year to measure how much students learned during the year.

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A principal at a local school wants to know how much students gain from being in an honors class. He gives students in an honors English class a test prior to the school year and again at the end of the school year to measure how much students learned during the year.




a. one-independent sample t-test
b. two-independent sample t-test
c. related samples t-test using the repeated measures design
d. related samples t-test using the matched-pairs design




Answer: C

A graduate student selects a sample of 25 participants to test whether the average time students attend to some task is greater than 30 minutes.

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A graduate student selects a sample of 25 participants to test whether the average time students attend to some task is greater than 30 minutes.




a. one-independent sample t-test
b. two-independent sample t-test
c. related samples t-test using the repeated measures design
d. related samples t-test using the matched-pairs design




Answer: A

A researcher matches right-handed and left-handed siblings to test whether right-handed siblings express greater emotional intelligence than left-handed siblings.

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A researcher matches right-handed and left-handed siblings to test whether right-handed siblings express greater emotional intelligence than left-handed siblings.




a. one-independent sample t-test
b. two-independent sample t-test
c. related samples t-test using the repeated measures design
d. related samples t-test using the matched-pairs design




Answer: D

A researcher selects a sample of 24 college students and has them rate their liking for two advertisements aimed at improving the image of the college. The researcher finds that liking ratings significantly differed, t = 2.900. Use omega-squared to compute the proportion of variance for this result.

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A researcher selects a sample of 24 college students and has them rate their liking for two advertisements aimed at improving the image of the college. The researcher finds that liking ratings significantly differed,
t = 2.900.
Use omega-squared to compute the proportion of variance for this result. 




a. ?2 = 0.29
b. ?2 = 0.24
c. ?2 = 0.21
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.







A researcher asks a sample of brothers and sisters to rate how positive their family environment was during childhood. In this study, the differences in ratings between each brother and sister pair were compared. The type of design described here is called a

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A researcher asks a sample of brothers and sisters to rate how positive their family environment was during childhood. In this study, the differences in ratings between each brother and sister pair were compared. The type of design described here is called a 



a. repeated measures design
b. matched samples design
c. all of the above






Answer: B

"Elementary school children spent significantly more time reading in the presence of a teacher than when the teacher was absent, t(7) = 2.804, p < 0.05 (?2 = 0.46)." In this related samples t test, how many participants were observed?

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"Elementary school children spent significantly more time reading in the presence of a teacher than when the teacher was absent, t(7) = 2.804, p < 0.05 (?2 = 0.46)." In this related samples t test, how many participants were observed? 




a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8






Answer: D

A professor compares scores on a competency exam among students at two times during a single semester. What type of t test is most appropriate for this study?

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A professor compares scores on a competency exam among students at two times during a single semester. What type of t test is most appropriate for this study?




a. one-sample t test
b. two-independent sample t test
c. related samples t test
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.





Answer: C

A researcher matched 30 participants on intelligence (hence 15 pairs of participants), and then compared differences in emotional responsiveness to two experimental stimuli between each pair. For this test, what are the critical values, assuming a two-tailed test at a 0.05 level of significance?

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A researcher matched 30 participants on intelligence (hence 15 pairs of participants), and then compared differences in emotional responsiveness to two experimental stimuli between each pair. For this test, what are the critical values, assuming a two-tailed test at a 0.05 level of significance? 




a. ±2.042
b. ±2.045
c. ±2.131
d. ±2.145





Answer: D

A researcher records the level of attention among 18 students during an interactive and lecture portion of a single class. If she computes a related samples t test at a 0.05 level of significance (two-tailed test), then what is the critical value for this test?

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A researcher records the level of attention among 18 students during an interactive and lecture portion of a single class. If she computes a related samples t test at a 0.05 level of significance (two-tailed test), then what is the critical value for this test? 



a. ±1.734
b. ±1.740
c. ±2.110
d. ±2.101






Answer: C

A researcher computes the mean difference in locomotion in a sample of 12 rats before and 30 minutes after an injection of amphetamine. Rats were placed in a box with infrared beams. The number of times rats crossed the beams was used as a measure of locomotion. The mean difference in locomotion was 6.2 ± 8.4 (MD ± SD), and this difference was significant. What is the effect size for this result using estimated Cohen's d?

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A researcher computes the mean difference in locomotion in a sample of 12 rats before and 30 minutes after an injection of amphetamine. Rats were placed in a box with infrared beams. The number of times rats crossed the beams was used as a measure of locomotion. The mean difference in locomotion was
6.2 ± 8.4 (MD ± SD), and this difference was significant. What is the effect size for this result using estimated Cohen's d? 



a. d = 0.74 (medium effect)
b. d = 1.36 (medium effect)
c. d = 0.74 (large effect)
d. d = 1.36 (large effect)



Answer: A

Two researchers (A and B) compute a one-sample t test. For both tests, the mean difference between the sample and value stated in the null hypothesis is 5, but the standard error is smaller for Researcher A. Which test is more likely to result in a decision to reject the null hypothesis?

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Two researchers (A and B) compute a one-sample t test. For both tests, the mean difference between the sample and value stated in the null hypothesis is 5, but the standard error is smaller for Researcher A. Which test is more likely to result in a decision to reject the null hypothesis?




a. Researcher A.
b. Researcher B.
c. The likelihood is the same for both researchers.
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.





Answer: A

A researcher reports that the mean time it takes to complete an experimental task is 1.4 ± 8.0 (M ± SD) seconds. If the null hypothesis was that the mean equals 1.0, then what is the effect size for this test using estimated Cohen's d?

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A researcher reports that the mean time it takes to complete an experimental task is 1.4 ± 8.0 (M ± SD) seconds. If the null hypothesis was that the mean equals 1.0, then what is the effect size for this test using estimated Cohen's d? 



a. d = 0.05; small effect size
b. d = 0.50; medium effect size
c. d = 1.05; large effect size
d. There is not enough information to answer this question.






Answer: A

A researcher reports that the mean difference in response time to an auditory versus a visual cue is 0.83 seconds, with a pooled sample variance equal to 2.45. What is the effect size for this test using estimated Cohen's d?

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A researcher reports that the mean difference in response time to an auditory versus a visual cue is 0.83 seconds, with a pooled sample variance equal to 2.45. What is the effect size for this test using estimated Cohen's d?



a. d = 0.53; medium effect size
b. d = 0.53; large effect size
c. d = 0.34; small effect size
d. d = 0.34; medium effect size




Answer: A

The mean crying time of infants during naptime at a local preschool is 12 minutes. The school implements a new naptime routine in a sample of 25 infants and records an average crying time of 8 ± 4.6 (M ± SD) minutes. Test whether this new naptime routine reduced crying time at a 0.05 level of significance.

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The mean crying time of infants during naptime at a local preschool is 12 minutes. The school implements a new naptime routine in a sample of 25 infants and records an average crying time of 8 ± 4.6 (M ± SD) minutes. Test whether this new naptime routine reduced crying time at a 0.05 level of significance. 




a. The new naptime routine significantly reduced crying time, t(24) = -4.35, p < 0.05.
b. The new naptime routine did not reduce crying time, t(24) = -4.35, p < 0.05.
c. The new naptime routine did not reduce crying time, t(24) = 0.92, p > 0.05.
d. The new naptime routine significantly reduce crying time, t(24) = 0.92, p < 0.05.



Answer: A

A researcher measures mean health scores of children at a local school and compares these scores to the mean health score known in the general population. Assuming that the population variance is unknown, what type of t test is appropriate for this study?

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A researcher measures mean health scores of children at a local school and compares these scores to the mean health score known in the general population. Assuming that the population variance is unknown, what type of t test is appropriate for this study? 



a. one-sample t test
b. two-independent sample t test
c. There is not enough information to answer this question.






Answer: A

Which of the following is an assumption for computing any type of independent sample t test?

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Which of the following is an assumption for computing any type of independent sample t test? 



a. Data in the population being sampled are normally distributed.
b. Data were obtained from a sample that was selected using a random sampling procedure.
c. The probabilities of each measured outcome in a study are independent.
d. all of the above








Answer: D

You read about a study testing whether night shift workers sleep the recommended 8 hours per day. Assuming that the population variance of sleep (per day) is unknown, what type of t test is appropriate for this study?

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You read about a study testing whether night shift workers sleep the recommended 8 hours per day. Assuming that the population variance of sleep (per day) is unknown, what type of t test is appropriate for this study? 



a. one-sample t test
b. two-independent sample t test
c. There is not enough information to answer this question.




Answer: A

How does the shape of a t-distribution change as the sample size increases? Explain.

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How does the shape of a t-distribution change as the sample size increases? Explain.




a. As sample size increases, the sample variance more closely estimates the population variance. The result is that there is less variability in the tails of a t-distribution as the sample size increases—the tails approach the x-axis faster.
b. As sample size increases, the sample variance becomes less like the population variance. The result is that there is more variability in the tails of a t-distribution as the sample size increases—the tails approach the x-axis more slowly.
c. As sample size increases, the sample variance estimate of the population variance does not change. The result is that there is a constant amount of variability in the tails of a t-distribution as the sample size increases—the tails approach the x-axis at the same rate.




Answer: A

A researcher selects a sample of 80 people and records the frequency of participants choosing a low, moderate, or high calorie dessert in a buffet. What are the degrees of freedom for this chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

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A researcher selects a sample of 80 people and records the frequency of participants choosing a low, moderate, or high calorie dessert in a buffet. What are the degrees of freedom for this chi-square goodness-of-fit test?





a. 2
b. 3
c. 79
d. 80







Answer: A

What is a key distinction between parametric tests and nonparametric tests in terms of scales of measurement?

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What is a key distinction between parametric tests and nonparametric tests in terms of scales of measurement?







a. Parametric tests are used for interval and ratio data, whereas nonparametric tests are used for nominal and ordinal data.
b. Parametric tests are used for ordinal and nominal data, whereas nonparametric tests are used for interval and ratio data.
c. Parametric tests are used for ordinal or interval data, whereas nonparametric tests are used for nominal data only.
d. There is no distinction; both types of tests are used to analyze data on any scale of measurement.








Answer: A

A researcher conducts two chi-square tests. The 2 × 2 chi-square was ?2 = 3.92. The 2 × 3 chi-square was ?2 = 5.92. Which chi-square test resulted in a decision to reject the null hypothesis at a .05 level of significance?

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A researcher conducts two chi-square tests. The 2 × 2 chi-square was ?2 = 3.92. The 2 × 3 chi-square was ?2 = 5.92. Which chi-square test resulted in a decision to reject the null hypothesis at a .05 level of significance?



a. the 2 × 2 chi-square
b. the 2 × 3 chi-square
c. both chi-square tests results in a decision to reject the null hypothesis
d. none; both chi-square tests result in a decision to retain the null hypothesis





Answer: A

A researcher measures the extent to which time spent watching educational preschool television programming predicts success in school. Which factor is the criterion variable in this example?

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A researcher measures the extent to which time spent watching educational preschool television programming predicts success in school. Which factor is the criterion variable in this example?



a. educational preschool television
b. type of television programming
c. success in school
d. time spent in school






Answer: C

A researcher tests whether the size of an audience can predict the number of mistakes a student makes during a classroom presentation. Identify the criterion variable.

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A researcher tests whether the size of an audience can predict the number of mistakes a student makes during a classroom presentation.
Identify the criterion variable.



a. number of presentations
b. correct size of audience
c. size of classrooms
d. number of mistakes





Answer: D

The regression equation measures

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The regression equation measures



a. how far the sample mean deviates from the population mean
b. how far each data point deviates from the line that most closely fits the data
c. how significant mean differences are between groups
d. how often scores regress from deviations in the data






Answer: B
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